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key to Paris by Dr. Victor G. Soukup
1a. Ovary 4-10 locular, with axile placentation; berry indehiscent; seeds
sometimes with a spongy (never succulent) aril on 1 side . . . . . . . . 2
1b. Ovary 1-locular with parietal placentation; berry-like capsule
dehiscing irregularly; seeds with a succulent aril . . . . . . . . . . . 9
2a. Rhizomes slender, elongated, creeping, 2-5 mm wide; seeds without aril;
funicle not swollen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
2b. Rhizome thick, 8-45 mm wide; seeds ñ enveloped by a whitish green spongy
aril formed by swollen funicle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
3a. Leaves usually 6-8; outer perianth segments oblong-lanceolate to
ovate-lanceolate, 10-25 (-30) mm wide . . . . . . . . . . P. verticillata
3b. Leaves usually 4; outer perianth segments narrowly lanceolate, 3-9 mm
wide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
4a. Leaves oblong-lanceolate or ovate-elliptic; outer perianth segments
3-5 mm wide, reflexed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . P. bashanensis
4b. Leaves broadly obovate or ovate; outer perianth segments 5-9 mm
wide, spreading horizontally . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . P. quadrifolia
5a. Leaves 9-10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . P. dulongensis
5b. Leaves 4-6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
6a. Leaves wrinkled, obovate, 10-15 x 6.3-10 cm; basally rounded . . P. rugosa
6b. Leaves not wrinkled . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
7a. Leaves elliptic or oblanceolate, base subcuneate . . . . . . . P. vaniotii
7b. Leaves oblong, ovate-oblong, or oblong-lanceolate, base shallowly
cordate or rounded . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
8a. Seeds white or yellow-red, slightly enveloped by a swollen funicle
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . P.
forrestii
8b. Seeds yellow-brown, half enveloped by greenish white or rarely
orange spongy aril formed by enlarged funicle . . . . . . . . . P.
axialis
9a. Stamens 4-6X as many as outer perianth segments; seeds enveloped by
orange aril . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . P. dunniana
9b. Stamens 2 or 3X outer perianth segments; seeds enveloped by red aril . 10
10a. Leaves with white, yellowish, or purple markings . . . . . . . . . . . 11
10b. Leaves without markings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
11a. Leaves with purple markings; stamen ca 3X as many as leaves .P. polyandra
11b. Leaves with white or yellowish markings, stamens 2X as many as
leaves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
12a. Outer perianth segments as many as leaves, shorter than inner ones . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . P. luquanensis
12b. Outer perianth segments fewer than leaves, longer than inner ones . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . P. marmorata
13a. Plants papilose-pubescent or pubescent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
13b. Plants glabrous or nearly so . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
14a. Free portion of connective 0.5-1 mm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . P. mairei
14b. Free portion of connective 13-15 mm . . . . . . . . . . . P. wenxianensis
15a. Free portion of connective 6-15 mm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
15b. Free portion of connective 1-4 (-5) mm (except for P. polyphylla var
pseudothibetica) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
16a. Inner perianth segments pendulous, margin undulate . . . . . P. undulata
16b. Inner perianth segments, if present, not pendulous, margin not
undulate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . P. thibetica
17a. Filaments ca. 1mm, shorter than free portion of connective . P. daliensis
17b. Filaments over 2mm, longer than free portion of connective . . . . . . 18
18a. Free portion of connective transversely ellipsoid, subglobose, or
short conical, broader than long or as broad as long . . . . . P.
fargesii
18b. Free portion of connective inconspicuous or longer than broad . . . . 19
19a. Leaves (18-) 23-26 X (11-) 14-16 cm . . . . . . . . . . . P. vietnamensis
19b. Leaves 5-17 X 2-11 cm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
20a. Leaves ovate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . P. cronquistii
20b. Leaves oblong to lanceolate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
21a. Inner perianth segments daek purple, usually much shorter than outer
ones . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . P. delavayi
22b. Inner perianth segments yellow-green, usually slightly shorter or
longer than outer ones . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . P. polyphylla
CRONQUISTII
1a. Inner perianth segments 3.2-8 CM X ~ 1 mm . . . . . . . . var. cronquistii
1b. Inner perianth segments ca. 3 cm X 5 mm . . . . . . . . . var. xichouensis
POLYPHYLLA
1a. Ovary and capsule tuberculate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . var. latifolia
1b. Ovary and capsule smooth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
2a. Free portion of connective 3-15 mm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
2b. Free portion of connective 1-2 mm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
3a. Filaments 1-2 mm; anthers ca. 6 mm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . var. minora
3b. Filaments 4-6 mm; anthers 12-18 mm . . . . . . . . . var. pseudothibetica
4a. Filaments up to 10mm; stigma lobes 7 . . . . . . . . . . var kwantungensis
4b. Filaments 4-7 mm; stigma lobes (4-) 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
5a. Inner perianth segments (2-) 3-5 mm wide, distally usually widened
and narrowly spatulate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . var. yunnanensis
5b. Inner perianth segments 1-2 mm wide, distally never widened . . . . . . 6
6a. Style and apical part of the ovary white . . . . . . .. . . . . var. alba
6b. Style and apical part of ovary green or purple . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
7a. Anthers ca. 2X as long as filaments . . . . . . . . . . . . var. chinensis
7b. Anthers nearly as long as or shorter than filaments . . . . . . . . . . 8
8a. Plants ca.10 cm tall; free portion of connective inconspicuous . var. nana
8b. Plants over 30 cm tall; free portion of connective conspicuous,
0.5-1 mm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
9a. Leaf blade oblong, elliptic, or obovate-lanceolate, 2.5-5 cm wide
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . var. polyphylla
9b. Leaf blade lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, 1.5-2.5 cm wide
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . var. stenophylla
THIBETICA
1a. Inner perianth segments present . . . . . . . . . . . . . . var. thibetica
1b. Inner perianth segments absent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . var. apetala
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