Sender: Taxacom Discussion List From: Freek Vrugtman Subject: Don Les' Guide to Botanical Nomenclature Cheer-up for a cold winter day: Don Les' Guide to Botanical Nomenclature 1) cote-type: any type specimen damaged by doves or sheep. 2) epee-type: a type specimen in the genus Argyroxiphium (silversword) or Echinodorus (chain sword) 3) hole-o-type: the one specimen or illustration used by the author, or designated by the author as the nomenclatural type, that is riddled beyond recognition as the result of dermestid feeding damage. 4) ice-o-type: a hole-o-type that has been placed in the -20 freezer with hopes of reducing the dermestid population. 5) knee-o-type: a type specimen characterized by a peculiar indentation attributable to the force applied by the botanist's knee on the plant press. 6) lek-to-type: any type specimen collected from the breeding grounds of the sage grouse or prairie chicken. 7) pare-a-type: a type specimen of a very rare taxon that has been whittled away to virtual nothingness by idiots seeking material for DNA analysis. 8) sin-type: the very first type specimen taken from the apple tree in the Garden of Eden. 9) Bayes-ionym: a simple nomenclatural approach whereby a taxon name is selected using Markov chain Monte Carlo simulation techniques to sample from the posterior distribution of all possible botanical names by transforming the names into a canonical cophenetic matrix and using a simple Metropolis proposal distribution to select the candidate names closest to the name currently entered in the chain. 10) ought-o-nym: a far more appropriate species name that SHOULD have been applied to the taxon rather than the one selected using the Bayes-ionym approach. 11) proto-log: a fossilized tree trunk used as a type specimen. 12) taught-o-nym: any scientific name learned in a Systematic Botany course 13) nomen knewed'em: former taught-o-nyms now long forgotten by aging, senile botanists ------------------------------------------------------------------- stolen from Plant Science Bulletin Spring 2003 issue; Vol. 49, No. 1, p. 39. -------------------------------------------------------------------- Addendum: 14) nepotype (pronounced Neepoh' type): a type name formed from the name of a professor from whom you want favors, or from a wealthy person who has sponsored your research, as in nepotism. Sender: Taxacom Discussion List From: Don.Colless@CSIRO.AU Subject: Re: Don Les' Guide to Botanical Nomenclature Who now remembers the "autotype" (scraped off the radiator after a 300km drive), and the "kleptotype" (specimen stolen from another museum). Don Colless Div of Entomology, CSIRO, Canberra, don.colless@csiro.au Tuz li munz est miens envirun Sender: Taxacom Discussion List From: Jan Bosselaers Subject: Re: [TAXACOM] Lists of Homonyms Charles, I am not aware of an online source, but in November 1999 Scott Federhen sent the following list to the list: Abrionia - lizard and angiosperm Adenophora - flowering plant & humpbacked fly Agathis - conifer & wasp Alsophila - moth & tree-fern Ammophila - wasp & grass Aphrodite - archaeon & polychaete (Aphrodite aculeata - sea mouse) Arenaria - plant & bird Articulata - echinoderm [-] & brachiopod [class] Ascoidea - ticks [superfamily] & yeast Atyidae - shrimps [family] & mollusc [family] Autonoe - angiosperm & amphipod Bacillus - bacterium & insect Bdelloidea - rotifer [class] & mite [superfamily] Branchiura - crustacean [order] & oligochaete Buchnera - plant & bacteria Bursaria - angiosperm & ciliate Centipeda - firmicute & sunflower Charybdis - crab & angiosperm [note siblings: Scylla & Scilla] Crambe - plant & sponge Cryptococcus - jelly fungus & scale insect Culcita - echinoderm & plant Cystophora - seal & brown algae Decapoda - mollusc & crustacean [both higher taxa] Discina - brachiopod & yeast Donax - angiosperm & bivalve Drepanidae - moth & fish (Drepaneidae?) [family] Dryas - butterfly & plant Echinacea - echinoderm [superorder] & plant Echinops - plant & mammal Gambelia - angiosperm & lizard Glaucidium - plant & bird Gnathostomata - echinoderm [superorder] & vertebrate [superclass] Gordonia - plant & bacteria Graphium - pyrenomycete & butterfly Hoffmania - diptera [subgenus] & plant [synonym, Hoffmannia] Hymenolepis - tapeworm & angiosperm Kingella - bacterium & plant Leptonema - spirochaete & plant Limonia - crane fly & plant Liriope - plant & hydrozoan Lucilia - blowfly & angiosperm Macroglossinae - bats [subfamily] & moths [subfamily] Macrolenes - leaf beetles & angiosperm Mallotus - fish & plant Metidae - spiders [family] & copepods [family] Microsphaera - actinomycete & ascomycete Morganella - proteobacterium & fungus Morus - bird & plant Myrmecia - green alga & insect Nais - pyrenomycete & oligochaete Nelsonia - rodent & plant Oligochaeta - annelid worm [class] & plant Operculina - angiosperm & foraminifer Oxyporus - basidiomycete & beetle Palaeococcus - euryarchaeote & scale insect Palmeria - bird & angiosperm Pedinomonas - green alga & chlorarachniophyte Pholidota - pangolin [order] & orchid [genus] Pieris - butterfly & plant Philyra - plant & crab (& sea spider?) Planococcus - insect & bacterium Polyodontidae - polychaete [family] & fish [family] Polyphaga - insect [genus, Blattaria] & [suborder, Coleoptera] Polypodium - hydrozoan & plant [subfamily?] Poria - fungus & beetle Prionodon - moss & civet Proboscidea - plant & mammal [order] Proteomonas - trypanosome & cryptomonad Pycnoporus - hymenomycete & flatworm Raphia - moth & palm Rhynchophorus - beetle & fungus [synonym, Ceratopycnis] Rondeletia - plant & whalefish Rupicola - bird & angiosperm Salvadora - mustard & snake Sarcodon - fungus & paleoryctid mammals [extinct] Schlechtendalia - insect & plant Schultesia - cockroach & gentian Setaria - nematode & plant Stenella - dolphin & fungus Thalia - angiosperm & urochordate Thelia - moss & leafhopper Tribolium - beetle & grass Uronema - ciliate & green alga Urostyla - ciliate & insect Urostylidae - ciliate [family] & insect [family] Valvatacea - mollusc [superfamily] & echinoderm [superorder] Venturia - ascomycete & ichneumonid wasp I can add Bougainvillea (flowering plant and hydroid polyp) to this. There even are seven triple homonyms (received from John McNeill): Generic name Homonym in botany NCU Homonym in zoology (bacteria) Catenococcus Algae: Chlorophyceae; Radiococcaceae C Coccoidea Kingella Plantae: Phanerogamae; Loranthaceae C Fossil Miscellanea Microcyclus Fungi: Ascomycota; Mycosphaerellaceae C Rugosa Moorella Fungi: Mitosporic fungi; Hyphomycetes C Encyrtidae Morganella Fungi: Basidiomycetes; Lycoperdaceae C Brachiopoda Rhodococcus Algae: Chlorophyceae; Palmellaceae C Coccoidea Rothia Plantae: Phanerogamae; Fabaceae C Agaristidae I hope this helps. Regards, Jan >Can anyone suggest a good online source listing taxonomic homonyms? > >I am mainly concerned with genera - i.e. Morus - gannet and mulberry; >Trichia - snail and slime mould > >many thanks, > >Charles Hussey, > >Science Data Co-ordinator, >Library and Information Services, >The Natural History Museum, >Cromwell Road, >London SW7 5BD >United Kingdom > >Tel. +44 (0)207 942 5213 >Fax. +44 (0)207 942 5559 >e-mail c.hussey@nhm.ac.uk >URL http://www.nhm.ac.uk > > > -- -------------------------------------------------------------------- Dr. Jan Bosselaers "Dochterland", R. novarumlaan 2 B-2340 Beerse, Belgium tel / fax 32-14-615896 home: dochterland@pandora.be / hortipes@dochterland.org work: jbossela@janbe.jnj.com web: http://www.dochterland.org/ or http://wyith.ch/home/dochterland.org/ "You know I used to lose my mind, but now I'm old, now I'm free... I see waves break in foams on my horizons, I'm shining..." The Chemical Brothers Sender: Taxacom Discussion List From: Mark Egger Subject: Re: [TAXACOM] Lists of Homonyms Here's one more not on the list below: Ophiocephalus, fish genus and angiosperm genus (the latter a monotypic genus endemic to N. Baja Calif.) Mark Sender: Taxacom Discussion List From: Dipteryx Subject: Re: [TAXACOM] Lists of Homonyms a small addition: Phoebe Audinet-Serville, 1835 (longhorn beetle) Phoebe Nees, 1836 (Lauraceae, flowering plants) Paul van Rijckevorsel Utrecht, NL Sender: Taxacom Discussion List From: "B.J.Tindall" Subject: Re: [TAXACOM] Lists of Homonyms Some time ago John McNeill published a list of statitsics, but complete lists of genus name homonyms are not available. In the case of a) bacterial homonyms - irrespective of the source as botanical or zoological taxa - about 100+ b) botanical-zoological homonyms, about 5-6,000 Ellen Farr at ING and Judy Howcroft at BIOSIS/Zoological Record have helped me compile a list of bacterial-botanical-zoological homonyms which it should be possible to publish. However, I ran into some problems with checking on the various names. In the case of bacterial and botanical names it is fairly easy to list the "names, authors, dates, publication, and type". Unfortunately the Zoological Record is primarily designed to index the zoological literature and full details of "name, authors, dates, publication and type" is only available if you consult the original publication. This means scanning the Zoological Record for all publications using that name and then tracking down the one(s) which deal with the taxonomy. When the entry in the Zoological Record says "abstract in English, original article in Chinese" then the task gets more difficult. Secondly it is essential to check the nature of the potential homonym by reference to the "author, date, publication and type". I have found three concrete examples of problems: a) a bacterial genus indexed in the Zoological Record as a nematode because the publication deals with the presence of the bacterium in the nematode b) a publication containing reference to a bacterial genus being indexed under the (fossil) protozoan genus name because the two are homonyms c) reference to Salmonella as a crustacean genus (can anyone confirm this?), but the bacterial genus Salmonella may also be associated with crustaceans and be a source of food poisoning Since the Zoological Record primarily indexes the zoological literature this is not a criticism of their work, but a statement of fact. To solve these problems they would certainly need our help. In the absence of lists of homonyms the best sources for lists of names are: Bacteria: http://www.bacterio.cict.fr/ Botany: (ING) http://rathbun.si.edu/botany/ing/ (NCU) http://www.bgbm.fu-berlin.de/iapt/ncu/genera/Default.htm Zoology: (TRITON) http://www.biosis.org.uk/triton/indexfm.htm Brian At 16:29 12.5.2003 +0100, you wrote: >Can anyone suggest a good online source listing taxonomic homonyms? > >I am mainly concerned with genera - i.e. Morus - gannet and mulberry; >Trichia - snail and slime mould > >many thanks, > >Charles Hussey, > >Science Data Co-ordinator, >Library and Information Services, >The Natural History Museum, >Cromwell Road, >London SW7 5BD >United Kingdom > >Tel. +44 (0)207 942 5213 >Fax. +44 (0)207 942 5559 >e-mail c.hussey@nhm.ac.uk >URL http://www.nhm.ac.uk > ******************************************************************** * Dr.B.J.Tindall E-MAIL bti@dsmz.de * * DSMZ-Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen GmbH * * Mascheroder Weg 1b, D-38124 Braunschweig, Germany * * Tel.: ++ 531 2616 0 (general) * * Tel.: ++ 531 2616 224 (direct) * * Fax: ++ 531 2616 418 * * * * Homepage: http://www.dsmz.de/index.html * * E-MAIL: contact@dsmz.de (general enquiries) * * sales@dsmz.de (sales) * ******************************************************************** Sender: Taxacom Discussion List From: "W.Wuster" Subject: Re: [TAXACOM] Lists of Homonyms Jan Bosselaers wrote: > Charles, > > I am not aware of an online source, but in November 1999 Scott Federhen > sent the following list to the list: > > Abrionia - lizard and angiosperm The correct spelling for the lizard genus is actually Abronia, not AbrIonia. This may thus not be a real homonym. Regards, Wolfgang -- Dr. Wolfgang Wüster - Lecturer School of Biological Sciences Tel: +44 1248 382301 University of Wales Fax: +44 1248 371644 Bangor LL57 2UW E-mail: w.wuster@bangor.ac.uk Wales, UK http://sbsweb.bangor.ac.uk/~bss166/ Herpetological Journal: http://sbsweb.bangor.ac.uk/~bss166/HJ/ Sender: Taxacom Discussion List From: Scott Federhen Subject: Re: [TAXACOM] Lists of Homonyms Wolfgang Wuster wrote: > >Jan Bosselaers wrote: >> Charles, >> >> I am not aware of an online source, but in November 1999 Scott Federhen >> sent the following list to the list: >> >> Abrionia - lizard and angiosperm > >The correct spelling for the lizard genus is actually Abronia, not >AbrIonia. This may thus not be a real homonym. Actually, the correct spelling for both genera is Abronia, sorry for the typo. Abronia Gray 1838 Abronia Juss. 1789 There is a binomial homonym from this pair as well: Abronia aurita Cope 1868 (AF056588-9 &c.) Abronia aurita Abrams 1905 Only one of these species is currently represented in the sequence database - but we do have another example: Agathis montana de Laubenfels (U96478) Agathis montana Shest. (AJ302786) :Scott federhen@ncbi.nlm.nih.gov Sender: Taxacom Discussion List From: "John D. Oswald" Subject: [TAXACOM] Frequency of Junior Homonyms An example of the frequency of junior homonyms Insect superorder Neuropterida (orders Neuroptera, Megaloptera and Raphidioptera) ca. 6850 valid species (extant and fossil) 985 valid genera (extant and fossil) 1471 available genus-group names [2 names dating back to Linnaeus 1758, as an indicator of the age of the taxon...] 65 junior homonym genus-group names genus-group junior homonyms represent 4.4% of all available genus-group names -- a small, but still surprisingly large percentage -- almost 1 of every 20 names proposed John Oswald At 03:54 PM 5/13/2003 -0400, you wrote: >Just how common are homonyms and does this list pertain only to valid >names? > >The name Echidna (genus) , for example, appears within the synonymy >listings of >Wilson and Reeder Mammalia >Echmeyers Fishes >EMBL reptiles of the world > >Is this considered a homonym set? Dr. John D. Oswald Associate Professor and Curator Department of Entomology Texas A&M University College Station, TX 77843-2475 USA Office phone: (979) 862-3507 Fax: (979) 845-6305 e-mail: j-oswald@tamu.edu 8th International Symposium on Neuropterology (http://entowww.tamu.edu/research/neuropterida/isn8/index.html) Bibliography of the Neuropterida (http://entowww.tamu.edu/research/neuropterida/neur_bibliography/bibhome.html) Neuropterists Directory (http://entowww.tamu.edu/research/neuropterida/ndi-home.html) NeuroWeb (http://entowww.tamu.edu/research/neuropterida/neuroweb.html)